Indiáni
INDIÁNI
Odkud přišli a kam došli?
n První indiánští obyvatelé přišli do Severní Ameriky z Asie před 20. -30. tisíci let. Postupovali přes Beringovu úžinu, která byla pevninskou šíjí. Dnes tyto dva kontinenty rozděluje. Pravděpodobně šli po stopách lovených zvířat. Postupně se v Americe začali Indiáni usazovat a žili v různých kmenech. Během několika staletí se tyto skupiny lidí začali vyvíjet v organizované společnosti. Na přelomu
Jak se živili?
n V Severní Americe se Indiáni dříve živili nejčastěji sběračstvím, lovením a rybářstvím. V 16. a 17. Století se začali zabývat chovem koní. Jen z části byli usedlí zemědělci. Žili mezi nimi i dovední řemeslníci, kteří se zabývali výrobou kožených čelenek a zdobených oděvů. Poměrně hodně indiánů se v dnešní době živí prodejem suvenýrů
Indiánská obydlí
n Obydlí většiny prérijních Indiánů se nazývá tee-pee [týpí]
n Týpí (též tee-pee) je obydlí indiánů Velkých plání a přilehlých oblastí. Je to velký kuželový stan, původně vyráběný z bizoní kůže. Milióny bizonů žijící na Velkých pláních poskytovaly zdejším indiánům dostatek materiálu na tato obydlí.
n Týpí bylo známé už před příchodem bělochů. Od stanů Eskymáků a Laponců se však liší: je opatřeno kouřovými chlopněmi pro odvod kouře a kužel je nakloněn tak, že zadní stěna je strmější než přední. Původní týpí byla malá, protože týpí z bizoních kůží byla dosti těžká a pro tahání nákladů používali indiáni psy. S příchodem koní a díky lehčí plachtovině získávané obchodem s bílými mohla vznikat týpí vysoká až 8 nebo
Obživa Indiánů
n Důležitou součástí indiánského života byl a stále je rybolov. Indiáni loví většinou na udicích, protože nemají nic jiného k dispozici. Z důvodu častého rybaření ryb stále více ubývá.
n Další způsob obživy je lov divoké zvěře. Ten se ale stal pouze příležitostným a nelegálním přilepšení, bez další perspektivy.
n Nejčastěji se ale živí palmami. Tyto palmy pro indiány znamenají totéž, jako pro nás chleba. Pro ně je to pochoutka, kterou používají jako zákusek k masu zvěřiny pečené na rožni. Pokud žádný úlovek není, tak také dostačí k nasycení.
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